AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |
Back to Blog
Meld score normal range1/21/2024 ![]() This also fits the observed increased mortality in individuals with ALT values that are normal but above the healthy range. In that regard it has been suggested to use an upper limit of 19 and 30 U/L for ALT for women and men, respectively, 1 to reflect healthy values. Contrarily, being within the normal value does not necessarily reflect a healthy state. But being outside the normal does not immediately reflect illness that is, a bilirubin level below normal has no clinical consequences. ![]() Thus, 2.5% of a population will be above and below the normal values, respectively. Normal values for laboratory results are defined as those found in 95% of a population. Prolonged in liver disease, vitamin K deficiency, fat malabsorption, pancreatic insufficiencyĭiscrimination of Normal Versus Healthy Values Low in nephrotic syndrome, malnutrition, protein‐losing enteropathy Hemolysis, Gilbert syndrome, Crigler‐Najjar syndrome Severe liver injury from any cause Rotor syndrome, Dubin‐Johnson syndrome Hemolysis, insufficient excretion from the liver Liver, bone, placenta, kidneys, intestinesĬholestatic liver disease sarcoidosis pregnancy lymphoma bone, kidney, and intestinal diseasesīiliary epithelial cells, kidneys, pancreas, prostateīiliary or pancreatic disease, myocardial infarct, renal diseases, chronic lung disease, diabetes Hepatocellular injury of any cause, myopathies Hepatocellular injury of any cause, myopathies, myocardial infarct, hemolysis Liver, skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, red blood cells, brain, pancreas, lungs The excretory function of the liver can be estimated by bilirubin and the metabolic function of the liver by clotting tests and albumin. Standard liver tests (Tables (Tables1 1 and and2) 2) that assess injury to the liver include alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatases (APs). Both the detection of enzymes released from liver cells and proteins produced by the liver and released into the blood can be used to analyze liver health. The liver is the largest organ in the body and arguably the most important organ for protein production and detoxification, both of which are facilitated by a myriad of enzymes. Abbreviations AIH autoimmune hepatitis ALT alanine aminotransferase AMA antimitochondrial antibodies AP alkaline phosphatase AST aspartate aminotransferase DILI drug‐induced liver injury ERCP endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography gGT γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase LIT, liver injury test MELD Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease MRCP magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography NASH nonalcoholic steatohepatitis PBC primary biliary cholangitis ULN upper limit of normal
0 Comments
Read More
Back to Blog
Squish book 41/21/2024 ![]() ![]() Every morning, he keeps going to the nurse because he is throwing up and getting stomach aches. This science graphic novel is about the main character Squish getting sick. I really enjoyed the unique ideas used in this novel. There was all different types of fonts being used, depending on what was happening. Some boxes were filled in, and some were not. She only used one color throughout the novel (lime green). I enjoyed how the illustrations were made. She also used side notes to ask the audience/ readers questions. The author uses side notes to promote other books of hers. This book is very entertaining because they show the comic book Squish is reading in the comic book you are reading. He thinks he has a deadly disease, and does not know what to do! The plot of this story is to teach kids how if you pay attention in school it can help you in real life situations. One day Squish's science teacher does an experiment, then Squish suddenly becomes sick. Squish reads a comic book about his favorite super hero and relates it to parts of his life. The main ameba in this book is "Squish" and he starts off his day like any other kid, and has a group of good friends. This book gives human characteristics to amebas. This graphic novel uses comic-book formatting. ” - The Bulletin of the Center for Children’s Books “Simple enough for early readers but still remarkably snarky, clever, and entertaining. ![]() ![]() “An energetic, good-hearted escapade, one that young readers will enjoy.” - The New York Times If ever a new series deserved to go viral, this one does.” - Kirkus Reviews, Starred Will this epic epidemic be the end of everyone’s favorite amoeba? (And if it is, who will he leave his comic collection to?!) Find out the answers in the seventh hilarious Squish graphic Deadly Disease of Doom ! Look in the back of the book to learn how to draw one of the Squish characters and to get instructions for a SENSATIONAL science experiment you can do at home!įilled with superheroes, comics within comics, and gross-out science, Squish is perfect for fans of Dog Man, Captain Underpants, and My Weird School! Uh-oh! A deadly disease is spreading through Small Pond! People are dropping like flies! And YIKES-it looks like Squish is patient #1. Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Andorra, Angola, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Azerbaijan Republic, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde Islands, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), Fiji, Finland, Gabon Republic, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Gibraltar, Greece, Greenland, Grenada, Guam, Guatemala, Guernsey, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Ireland, Jamaica, Japan, Jersey, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macau, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Montserrat, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Republic of Croatia, Republic of the Congo, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts-Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Svalbard and Jan Mayen, Swaziland, Sweden, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vatican City State, Vietnam, Virgin Islands (U.S.Ahhh-CHOO! From the New York Times bestselling, Eisner-winning creators of Babymouse, it’s Squish’s most contagiously fun adventure yet!
Back to Blog
Nootka tree essential oil benefits1/21/2024 ![]() Types: Radiata, Globulus, Dives, Citriodara.Promotes motivation, energy, and optimism. ![]() Great to diffuse in the morning to wake up.Purifying nature of lemon refreshes a room.Types: Carterii, Frereana, Sacra, and Serrata.Provides a balancing effect on emotions.Calms the digestive system and aids digestion.Refreshing, improves the air of a stale room.Used in men's colognes for its piney scent.Inhale deeply to experience the refreshing aroma.Here is a list of essential oils for men, use it as a starting point: 1. While it is definitely an individual preference, in general men tend to like more masculine scented essential oils like woods, pines, spice, citrus, and resins. You may want to avoid strong floral aromas like ylang ylang, magnolia, and rose. In a men's aromatherapy blend, a little floral can be tucked in without dominating the blend, lavender essential oil comes to mind here. He isn't a fan of patchouli either but I still will use one or two drops in a blend recipes to lessen the strong aroma. I did diffuse it later that night, but I added citrus oils to it and he didn't complain. I liked it and I thought he would enjoy too but to my surprise, he quickly pushed the bottle away. I got an essential oil that I KNEW my husband would just love called nootka tree. No worries, there are plenty of essential oils to choose from, just keep looking for what you enjoy the most! Scent is also linked to memories, so it is possible that an essential oil may bring up unpleasant thoughts. It is best to experience essential oils and see what YOU (or your man) likes. My husband is somewhere in the middle, he knows they can offer tremendous benefits because he has experienced them first hand, but has some serious opinions on the smells!Įvery person is different and will have varying sensitivities to oils. There are plenty of men that enjoy essential oils but there are also some that are resistant. OK, so I guess I need to make an inhaler for that blend so I could still enjoy it or diffuse it when he is not around. I couldn't believe that is how he interpreted that oil blend. WHAT!!! Not the lovely aroma of rose and vanilla. I was like "what's the problem?", he said the smell of my aromatherapy diffuser was going to make him vomit, that it was like he just ate some baby powder. The other day he came into the room with his shirt over his nose and was talking to me really quickly before making a speedy exit. These "manly" diffuser recipes are inspired by my husband who isn't into floral or "girly" scents. Here are 10 Essential Oil Diffuser Blends for Men that have more manly aromas than say my rose and vanilla diffuser blend :) Masculine Essential Oil Blends There are a variety of scents in the aromatherapy world, many I find just spectacular and really enjoy smelling. A smell that one loves, another may find unpleasant.
Back to Blog
Tsa liquid rules 2019 checked bags1/21/2024 ![]() ![]() TSA officers will refer illegal items to local law enforcement, which may result in civil penalties. Items that cannot be resolved will not be allowed through the checkpoint and onto the plane. What to expect: If any item alarms during screening, TSA officers will conduct additional screening. TSA is responsible for enforcing this FAA rule by intercepting these items during screening. This includes firecrackers, fountains, bottle rockets, ground spinners, poppers, snaps, roman candles, smoke fireworks, snakes, strobes, and sparklers. All fireworks are prohibited from being transported, in both carry-on and checked bags, on commercial aircraft. It’s important that you leave your fireworks at home. TSA officers may also ask that you separate items from carry-on bags such as foods, powders, large electronic devices, and any items that prevent clear images on the X-ray machine. If you are in a standard screening lane, remove the zip-top bag from your carry-on prior to sending it through the X-ray. What to expect: For all gels, liquids, pastes and aerosols, be sure to follow the 3-1-1 liquids rule. If you need information on other items, check out our “ What Can I Bring?” feature on TSA.gov. You may pack any travel-size liquids, solid foods, medications, and electronic devices in your carry-on bag. Place knives, sharp objects, and large containers of liquid in your checked luggage. This means checking every side pocket and knowing what’s in your bag. Make sure your carry-on and checked bags are packed properly. If your Fourth of July plans involve airline travel, we have some tips to prepare you for the getaway: Know what’s in your bag TSA estimates that 12.1 million people will travel through checkpoints from July 3-7, with the peak travel day happening on Sunday. The Independence Day holiday is projected to be a busy time for flyers. We are expecting 263 million passengers and crew members to pass through our security checkpoints from Memorial Day to Labor Day, an increase of 4% over the same period in 2018. This year, the period is shaping up to be busier than ever. The Fourth of July holiday traditionally marks the half-way point of the summer travel season.
Back to Blog
Ny ag takes action against trump family1/21/2024 ![]() He has now brought criminal charges against the former president in a case centered on a hush-money payment made to the porn actress Stormy Daniels at the height of the 2016 presidential campaign. There, Bragg schmoozed with his former colleagues and huddled with Damian Williams, the current Manhattan U.S. attorney’s office hosted by former U.S Attorney Preet Bharara. He expanded the office’s hate crimes unit, hired new leadership for its sex crimes division and created a unit to combat workplace wage theft.īragg, flanked by a heavy security detail, appeared at a recent dinner for alumni of the Manhattan U.S. Just over a year later, however, Bragg now appears to have eased into the job. “He’s not the type of person to just unnecessarily second-guess the views of those who work for him.” “He generally was quite trusting of the people who worked for him,” said Brian Mahanna, who was chief of staff and deputy attorney general in the New York attorney general’s office alongside Bragg. ![]() Those who know Bragg, however, said Pomerantz’s description of him didn’t match their experience. “You need to respect our judgment, our decades of experience as prosecutors and defense lawyers, and the work that we have put into the case, more than you have to this point,” Pomerantz wrote in a private letter to Bragg, according to his book, saying Bragg doubted their assessment of the case as ripe for prosecution. , with Pomerantz eventually writing a book describing Bragg as reluctant to bring charges against Trump and saying he was “distracted” by the fallout from his policy memos. In February 2022, he faced another firestorm: the two prosecutors who were leading the office’s criminal investigation of Trump, Mark Pomerantz and Carey Dunne, After an internal backlash from the office’s prosecutors, as well as vocal criticism from the New York Police Department commissioner, police unions and conservative media outlets like the New York Post editorial page, Bragg apologized for “confusion” created by the memo and issued a second memo attempting to clarify his policies.Įven Bragg’s supporters say he fumbled during his first few weeks in office. Two days after taking office that directed assistant district attorneys to largely avoid prosecuting minor offenses, telling them to stop charging many low-level crimes and to avoid seeking jail time for many robbery, assault and gun possession cases in which no other crimes were committed. His tenure in the district attorney’s office thus far, however, has been bumpy. Trump Foundation that resulted in Trump personally paying a $2 million settlement. Prior to becoming district attorney, he was chief deputy attorney general in the New York attorney general’s office, where he supervised a lawsuit against the Donald J. He is also no stranger to extracting penalties from Trump. When he worked as a federal prosecutor, he was one of fewer than ten Black prosecutors in an office of about 200. On the campaign trail, he often spoke about having a gun pulled on him six times while growing up in Harlem, where he still lives. Won a close, eight-way Democratic primary That he would be arrested on a Tuesday earlier in March.)īy all accounts, however, Bragg, 49, isn’t a pushover. “From a demeanor standpoint, he will look roughly the same on Monday and on Wednesday despite the hurricane that rips through the office on Tuesday.” (Bell spoke Bell, a former federal prosecutor who worked with Bragg at the Manhattan U.S. “Alvin is generally a pretty unflappable guy,” said Martin S. The policies have made Bragg a convenient target for Trump, who has a history of claiming political bias by those investigating him.īut according to those who know Bragg, he is, occasionally to his detriment, uninterested in political calculations and generally indifferent to the types of public-relations offenses Trump likes to wage. Critics on the right, and even some on the left, like New York City Mayor Eric Adams, see those efforts as fueling crime and endangering police officers.
Back to Blog
30 day breakaway beachbody faq1/21/2024 ![]() Why is it important that your goal includes a timeframe? Well, that detail makes the goal tangible-you can circle a date on your calendar and know your aim is to accomplish your objective by that exact time. An effective goal encapsulates all of these elements, and a 30-day challenge ensures your goal ticks the box on time-bound. When it comes to goal setting, think SMART: specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound, says Velazquez. Here, Velazquez shares why, exactly, a 30-day challenge is an ideal motivator to smash any fitness objective, plus goal-setting tips to get you started.Ĭourtesy of Beachbody On Demand It’s tangible The program is for anyone who needs help in building a running foundation, someone who wants to tackle their first 5K, or experienced runners who want to get the most out of their runs. The key to 30 Day Breakaway is that it pairs running and resistance training, a winning combo that helps you get fit and fast. As the creator of Beachbody’s 30 Day Breakaway challenge, Velazquez has helped athletes of all stripes unlock their goals with her effective, realistic approach. Just ask Idalis Velazquez, NASM-CPT, former elite track-and-field athlete, and Beachbody Super Trainer. There’s a lot to love about a simple four-week challenge and many benefits, no matter your age, experience, or ability level. We’ve got an antidote to your fitness slump, and it’s surprisingly basic: A 30-day challenge. If that sounds familiar, you’ve come to the right place. ![]() ![]() Feeling blah about exercise all of the time, however, is a different story. Whether you’re a new runner or have a few miles under your belt, chances are you’ve had moments where you struggled to stay on track with your goals or had the occasional day where you Literally.
Back to Blog
God said ha julia sweeney1/21/2024 ![]() Sweeney, who found herself sleeping on the couch, was almost obliged to revert to her adolescent role in the family. Sweeney's dream home became an instant hospice and family encounter center. ![]() He moved in with Sweeney while he underwent chemotherapy and radiation. Her brother Michael was diagnosed with lymphoma. But, as Sweeney describes it, God looked at her plans for a new life and said "Ha!" ![]() She bought herself a small house in Los Angeles, where she planned to start a brand new life. Sweeney had retired from "Saturday Night Live." She had come through an amicable divorce. And the story she tells, in this filmed version of her successful, one-woman play, takes you through the zaniest, bitterest, most edifying chapter almost anyone could have experienced. She is a modest and self-effacing performer, in wonderfully stark contrast to shameless one-man artiste, Spalding Gray. And my subconscious was still recovering from a moment in the 1993 movie "It's Pat," when Sweeney hangs naked from a stage harness, twisting and creaking slowly above the heads of a silent, horrified audience.īut as soon as Sweeney began speaking in her steady, soft timbre, those negatives disintegrated, including her association with "Pat," which she makes wonderful light of later in the movie. THE THOUGHT of watching "God Said, `Ha!,' " Julia Sweeney's tragicomic meditation on sickness, loneliness and weird relatives, didn't exactly charge me up with excitement.Īfter all, we were talking about the personal recollections of a former "Saturday Night Live" performer whose crowning achievement was the androgynous character Pat.
Back to Blog
Golden hour and blue hour1/21/2024 ![]() ![]() For calculating the time of the Blue Hour LunaSolCal uses the time span when the sun is between 4 and 8 degrees below the horizon. The Blue Hour lasts about 20 to 30 minutes. The Blue Hour is the time before sunrise and after sunset when the sky takes on a blue color. Golden hour today Duluth, 28 november 2023: morning from 7:09 AM to 8:19 AM, evening from 3:36 PM to 4:46 PM. LunaSolCal calculates the GoldenHour as the time span when the sun is between 0 and 6 degrees above the horizon. Dew or hoarfrost, which appear at the junction of day and night with the strongest temperature drop, will also help you take a beautiful picture. The Golden Hour lasts - like the Blue Hour - not a full hour. During this time, everything is bathed in a warm, reddish light. The Golden Hour is the time just after sunrise or just before sunset. In the evening, it begins at sunset and ends when nautical twilight begins. In the morning, astronomical twilight begins when nautical twilight ends and ends at sunrise. In the evening, it begins at sunset and ends when civil twilight begins.Īstronomical twilight occurs when the Sun is between 12 and 18 degrees below the horizon. In the morning, nautical twilight begins when civil twilight ends and ends at sunrise. Nautical twilight occurs when the Sun is between 6 and 12 degrees below the horizon. In the evening, it begins at sunset and ends when the Sun reaches 6 degrees below the horizon. In the morning, civil twilight begins when the Sun is 6 degrees below the horizon and ends at sunrise. ![]() There are three categories of twilight that are defined by how far the sun is below the horizon.Ĭivil twilight occurs when the Sun is less than 6 degrees below the horizon. The sky can take on spectacular colors during the period of twilight. Twilight is the time between day and night when there is light outside, but the Sun is below the horizon.
Back to Blog
Two tabs in one screen1/20/2024 ![]() If you are using Windows 11 on a 13/14-inch laptop, you won’t find it useful.Īs you may have guessed from the multitasking preview, the option will split the app windows into four parts. This option is ideal for those using Windows 11 on a larger screen. Move the current app on the left half and from the opened windows, select your desired app to continue working. Hover the cursor pointer above the maximize button and use the third option to use three Windows 11. We usually keep the preferred Microsoft Edge on the left side and Microsoft OneNote on the small right window. The second option allows users to keep one app in the 1/3 area on the right side and the second on the left side. This is one of our most-used multitasking styles on Windows 11. Select the app, and you are good to go with split-screen style adjustment on Windows 11. Microsoft all offers to open other background apps from the other side. You can select the left or right side, and Windows 11 pin the app on the select side. The first option will split the app window in half. You will have a good idea of how the Windows 11 OS will split the current window with the live preview. Windows 11 will offer an option to use multi-window. Now hover the mouse pointer above the Maximize icon in the menu bar. But the overall implementation is miles better on Windows 11. ![]() Microsoft does offer multi-windows on Windows 10 OS as well. You can read them and understand why they are enabled by default on Windows 11 OS. These functions are necessary for a friction-free multitasking experience on Windows 11. Tap on the arrow-down button and make sure that all the options are enabled for Windows 11 multitasking. Step 4: Enable Snap windows from the Multitasking menu. Step 1: Open the Settings menu on Windows 11 (Use Windows + I keys). If you or Windows OS have disabled it accidentally, it’s time to enable it. Enable Snap Windows From Windows 11 Settingsīy default, the Snap windows option is enabled from the Settings menu. Here’s how you use multi-windows on Windows 11.īefore we go ahead and use multi-windows on Windows 11, make sure that you have enabled relevant options from the Settings menu. Windows 11 offers snap windows with a new virtual desktop on the taskbar for superior multitasking on the latest OS. Especially on the multitasking front, Microsoft has improved the whole experience by leaps and bounds. Windows 11 brings a breath of fresh air with a new Start menu, a fresh coat of paint across default apps, new widgets, improved gaming, and better multitasking.
Back to Blog
Chimpanzee teeth skeloton1/20/2024 ![]() īy Johanson's later (published) accounts, both he and Tom Gray spent two hours on the increasingly hot and arid plain, surveying the dusty terrain. Then, on the morning of November 24, 1974, near the Awash River, Johanson abandoned a plan to update his field notes and joined graduate student Tom Gray to search Locality 162 for bone fossils. The team returned for the second field season the following year and found hominin jaws. The site lay about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) from the site where "Lucy" subsequently was found, in a rock stratum 60 metres (200 ft) deeper than that in which the Lucy fragments were found. This fossil was later dated at more than three million years old-much older than other hominin fossils known at the time. The lower end of a femur was found near it, and when he fitted them together, the angle of the knee joint clearly showed that this fossil, reference AL 129-1, was an upright walking hominin. In November 1971, near the end of the first field season, Johanson noticed a fossil of the upper end of a shinbone, which had been sliced slightly at the front. Side view of cast of Lucy in the Naturmuseum Senckenberg First find ![]() An expedition was soon mounted with seven French and four American participants in the autumn of 1973 the team began surveying sites around Hadar for signs related to the origin of humans. Under his directorship, these were: Donald Johanson (co-director), an American paleoanthropologist and curator at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, who later founded the Institute of Human Origins, now part of Arizona State University Yves Coppens (1934–2022, co-director), a French paleoanthropologist appointed in 1983 a professor at the Collège de France, which is considered to be France's most prestigious research establishment, and Mary Leakey, the noted British paleoanthropologist. Taieb formed the International Afar Research Expedition (IARE) and invited three prominent international scientists to conduct research expeditions into the region. The original fossils were returned to Ethiopia in 2013, and subsequent exhibitions have used casts.įrench geologist and paleoanthropologist Maurice Taieb discovered the Hadar Formation for paleoanthropology in 1970 in the Afar Triangle of Ethiopia, then in Hararghe province he recognized its potential as a likely repository of the fossils and artifacts of human origins. There was discussion of the risks of damage to the unique fossils, and other museums preferred to display casts of the fossil assembly. Beginning in 2007, the fossil assembly and associated artefacts were exhibited publicly in an extended six-year tour of the United States the exhibition was called Lucy's Legacy: The Hidden Treasures of Ethiopia. Lucy became famous worldwide, and the story of her discovery and reconstruction was published in a book by Johanson and Edey. After public announcement of the discovery, Lucy captured much international interest, becoming a household name at the time. Lucy was named by Pamela Alderman after the 1967 song " Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" by the Beatles, which was played loudly and repeatedly in the expedition camp all evening after the excavation team's first day of work on the recovery site. A 2016 study proposes that Australopithecus afarensis was also, to a large extent, tree-dwelling, though the extent of this is debated. ![]() The skeleton presents a small skull akin to that of non-hominin apes, plus evidence of a walking-gait that was bipedal and upright, akin to that of humans (and other hominins) this combination supports the view of human evolution that bipedalism preceded increase in brain size. Lucy is an early australopithecine and is dated to about 3.2 million years ago. It was discovered in 1974 in Ethiopia, at Hadar, a site in the Awash Valley of the Afar Triangle, by Donald Johanson, a paleoanthropologist of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. AL 288-1, commonly known as Lucy or Dink’inesh ( Amharic: ድንቅ ነሽ, lit.'you are marvellous'), is a collection of several hundred pieces of fossilized bone comprising 40 percent of the skeleton of a female of the hominin species Australopithecus afarensis. |